Chunmei, Z., Zongkui, Z., & Hsueh, Y. (2005). The conception of respect and its development in childhood. Psychological Science (China), 28(2), 337-341.

Children from Grades 3 through 6 completed an open questionnaire on the conception of respect in primary school children. The results showed: (1) Primary school children thought respecting others was being polite to others. The characteristics and reasons of respecting were either fine moral character or good academic achievement. They respected seniors but more children mentioned they also respected peers. Children's conception of respect is different in different relationships. (2) Conception of respect showed a developmental characteristic in primary school students with the trend of developing from

unilateral respect to dual respect, and it developed differently in different interpersonal relationships. Their respect for parents and teachers was mainly unilateral respect while their respect for friends was mainly mutual respect. (3) There were significant gender differences in children's conception of respect.